Macular Degeneration (Age-Related Macular Degeneration – AMD)
Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in adults over age 50. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision used for reading, driving, and recognizing faces.
There are two main forms of AMD: Dry AMD and Wet AMD. Both cause progressive damage to central vision but in different ways.
Types of Macular Degeneration:
🔹 Dry AMD (Most Common – ~85–90% of cases)
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Caused by the gradual thinning of the macula and buildup of waste deposits called drusen.
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Progresses slowly over time.
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No fluid or bleeding is present.
🔹 Wet AMD (Less Common but More Severe)
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Caused by abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina, which leak fluid or blood and rapidly damage the macula.
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Can cause sudden and significant central vision loss.
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Common Symptoms of AMD:
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Blurry or distorted central vision
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Difficulty reading or seeing fine detail
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Straight lines appearing wavy or warped (a key warning sign)
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Dark or empty spots in the center of vision
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Colors may appear faded or less vibrant
Peripheral (side) vision usually remains intact, but central vision loss can significantly impact daily life.
How Macular Degeneration Is Treated:
There is currently no cure for AMD, but early detection and treatment can help slow progression and preserve vision.
🔹 Dry AMD Treatment Options:
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Nutritional Supplements (AREDS2 formula): A specific mix of vitamins and antioxidants shown to slow progression in moderate to advanced dry AMD.
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Lifestyle changes: A healthy diet rich in leafy greens, omega-3s, and antioxidants; quitting smoking; and wearing sunglasses to protect against UV damage.
🔹 Wet AMD Treatment Options:
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Anti-VEGF Injections: Medications (like Eylea®, Lucentis®, or Avastin®) are injected into the eye to stop abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage. These can stabilize or even improve vision in many patients.
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Photodynamic Therapy (rarely used now): A light-activated drug that targets abnormal vessels.
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Low Vision Aids: Magnifiers, enhanced lighting, or digital tools can help patients adapt to vision changes.
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Prevalence of AMD:
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Affects more than 11 million people in the United States.
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Risk increases significantly with age, especially after age 60.
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Other risk factors include:
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Family history of AMD
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Smoking
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High blood pressure
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Obesity
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Light eye color
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Prolonged sun exposure
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🧠Key Message:
Macular degeneration can rob you of your central vision—but early detection is key. Regular comprehensive eye exams, especially after age 50, can help detect signs of AMD before significant vision loss occurs. If you're noticing visual distortions or trouble reading, don't wait—schedule an exam.
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