Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. It’s most often caused by increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure), which gradually damages the optic nerve and can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated.

Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it usually develops slowly and without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. By the time vision changes are detected, irreversible damage may already have occurred.

Common Symptoms of Glaucoma:

Most people with glaucoma have no symptoms in the early stages. As the disease progresses:

Peripheral (side) vision gradually narrows.
In advanced stages, tunnel vision or significant vision loss may occur.
In angle-closure glaucoma, symptoms may include sudden eye pain, redness, nausea, blurred vision, or halos around lights—this requires immediate treatment.

How Glaucoma Is Treated:

While vision loss from glaucoma cannot be reversed, early diagnosis and treatment can slow or prevent further damage.

Common treatments include:

Prescription Eye Drops: Reduce eye pressure by decreasing fluid production or improving drainage.
Oral Medications: Sometimes used in combination with drops for better pressure control.
Laser Therapy (e.g., SLT): Improves drainage and may reduce or eliminate the need for eye drops.
Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS): Safe, effective surgical options with faster recovery time.
Traditional Surgery (Trabeculectomy or Tube Shunt): Reserved for more advanced cases or when other treatments fail.

Prevalence of Glaucoma:

Over 3 million Americans have glaucoma, but only about half know they have it.
It’s a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
Risk increases with:
- Age (especially over 60)
- Family history
- African, Hispanic, or Asian ancestry
- Diabetes, high blood pressure, or thin corneas

🧠 Key Message:

Because glaucoma causes no early symptoms, regular eye exams are essential—especially if you have risk factors. Early detection can protect your vision for life.